本次主要记录通过下载和编译的方式安装Python3

测试版本：Python3.7

1. 安装相关的依赖

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

sudo apt-get install -y make build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev wget curl llvm libncurses5-dev  libncursesw5-dev xz-utils tk-dev

2. 官网下载源代码

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.2/Python-3.7.2.tgz
tar -zxvf Python-3.7.2.tgz
cd Python-3.7.2/

3. 编译 Python3

--prefix选项是配置安装的路径，如果不配置该选项，安装后可执行文件默认放在/usr/local/bin，库文件默认放在/usr/local/lib，配置文件默认放在/usr/local/etc，其它的资源文件放在/usr /local/share。

如果配置--prefix，比如./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.7/，就可以统一管理所有的文件。

chmod -R +x Python-3.7.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.7/ --enable-optimizations
make && make install

4. 添加软链接

#添加python3的软链接
ln -s /usr/local/python3.7/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3
#添加 pip3 的软链接
ln -s /usr/local/python3.7/bin/pip3.7 /usr/bin/pip3

5. 可能遇到的问题

5.1 Ubuntu 下pip install爆出Command 'lsb_release -a' returned non-zero exit status 1.

运行lsb_release -a则会爆出如下错误：

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'lsb_release';

我们首先要找到lsb_release.py的位置：

root@vultr:~# sudo find / -name 'lsb_release.py'
/lsb_release.py
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/lsb_release.py
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/lsb_release.py
/usr/share/pyshared/lsb_release.py

然后我们把
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/lsb_release.py
复制到/usr/local/python3.7/lib/python3.7/即可

cp /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/lsb_release.py /usr/local/python3.7/lib/python3.7/

然后再次运行lsb_release.py：

root@vultr:~# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:    Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS
Release:    16.04
Codename:    xenial

ok 了，现在重新运行pip install命令即可。